![\"\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631](\"https:\/\/www.lindenoven.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Tooling-and-Mold-Development.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\n\n\n\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0640 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/strong>. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648: \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u00bb \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 (OEM) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062b\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u201d\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0635\u0628\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0635\u0628\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0647\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0637\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0630\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 60335-2-9<\/a> \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0630\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/th> \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/th> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/th><\/tr> \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/td> $1,000\u2013$5,000<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/td><\/tr> \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td> $5,000\u2013$20,000<\/td> \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629<\/td><\/tr> \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/td> $20,000\u2013$80,000<\/td> \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr> \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/td> $80,000 \u2013 $250,000+<\/td> \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 1: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 2: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a OEM \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 3: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631](\"https:\/\/www.lindenoven.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Product-Testing-and-Quality-Control1.jpg\")
<\/div>\n\n\n\n1. \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
2. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
3. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
4. \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
5. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
6. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
7. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
8. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n